The computer is one of the most brilliant gifts of
science. This device was originally developed by Charles Babbage. Most
countries have developed fast due to computerization. Writing a program
is essential for a computer. Speed, accuracy, reliability, and
integrity are the main characteristics of a computer.
Many of the routine activities today at home and in
business are done by computers. The computer has proved a friend and
servant of science, technology and industry. Most offices, shops,
factories and industries use computers. The Internet is a storehouse of
information. The computer is a boon to all. Telecommunication and
satellite imageries are computer based. Computers have made the world a
global village today.
The computer is one of the most brilliant gifts of
science. It is an electronic device for storing and analyzing
information fed into it, for calculating, or for controlling machinery
automatically. Charles Babbage developed this device first in 1812
followed by George Boole in 1854, Howard and Aitten in 1937, Dr. John
Nouchly and J. P. Eckert in 1946. These computers were named the first
generation equipment. Today, wit the 'Artificial Intelligence'
technology, we are using fifth generation computers. Each new generation
of computers has been smaller, lighter, speedier and more powerful
than the earlier ones. Now note-book sized computers like laptop are
fairly common. Computers have been dominating technology since 1970s,
and has now entered almost all walks of life.
Writing a program is essential for running a
computer. This job is done by a software engineer. A computer program
is a complete list of instructions which the computer accepts in order
to solve a problem. There are many different languages that can be used
to programme a computer. BASIC, COBOL, FOR TRAN, C, C++, JAVA and
Visual Basic are some of them.
Speed, accuracy, reliability and integrity are some
of the characteristics of a computer. It can execute over a million
instructions per second without committing and mistake. It can carry
our calculations in just a few minutes that would require days if
carried out manually. It helps us in solving many difficult problems of
multiple calculations. Computer has a huge memory. It can hold large
amount of data. The software technology has seen a spurt of development
and firms like Microsoft have established themselves as market
leaders, pioneering the IT revolution world over. It has provided us
with efficiency and accuracy in our work. Software acts as the medium
through which communication and dissemination of information are
carried out.
In less than 50 years, computers have influenced
practically every field of activity. Many of the routine activities
today are being performed by computers. Use of computers has reduced
the paperwork. Now most of the work is done directly on the computers.
The traffic in large cities is controlled by computers. Automation in
banks and railway stations have provided relief to the public and staff
alike. Ticketing and reservation have become more efficient and
convenient. Various types of games like chess and cards can also be
played on computers.
In medical diagnosis, computers are being used to
locate and investigate accurately and precisely abnormalities and
diseases. Business transactions and high volume of associated data are
easily managed by using computers.
Computer is the backbone of information technology
whose major application lies in internet. Internet has some very useful
applications in our day to day life.
One can get railway and air tickets booked online.
This saves one from the trouble of standing in a queue for long hours.
One can also apply for a job or admission in a school or a college by
filling the application form online. This saves time and energy. One
can also see results of any examination on the Internet. Tax returns
can also be filed on the Internet. Income Tax form can be downloaded
from the Income tax website.
The interconnection of computers worldwide, i.e., the
internet, is revolutionizing the concept and the conduct of business.
Visual and audio access to offices worldwide through the network has
given rise to virtual offices. One can have easy access to information
via internet. It is an ocean of knowledge for the students. It is a
huge library. The Internet helps the student to study for the
examinations. Students pursuing courses through distance education mode
can study the subject online. The internet is the fastest and cheapest
way to take admission in a foreign institution, collect geographical
information of any region, chat with anybody in any corner of the world
or search for life partner of one's choice.
The importance of the internet as an all-pervasive
medium of the future has been well recognized in India. A very
important indicator is the number of businessmen jumping on to internet
related business. E-commerce is gaining popularity in India as it
allows trade at low costs and offers enterprises a chance to enter the
global market at the right time. E-commerce helps in various aspects of
the business including identifying the customer, promoting sales and
advertising, handling orders, taxes, shipping, payment processing, etc.
The state governments and the central government have
put special emphasis on computer education in India. Computer
application is also beig extended to legal arena. The Supreme Court of
India has become the first court in the country to provide e-filing of
cases.
Computerization has created a lot of jobs for DTP
operators, Programmers, Hardware an Software professionals. It provides
tremendous openings for new kinds of entrepreneurs.
The computer gives us many benefits. They can be used
as typewriters. When equipped with telephone modems, with the help of
computer we can chat across the world. Teleconferencing and video
conferencing are also possible. The internet helps us to keep in touch
with family and friends. One can get information about every subject
known to man, ranging from government law and services. trade fairs,
conferences, market information, education, society and politics.
The computer has proved as a friend and servant to
science, technology and industry. The computer through Internet expands
business opportunities. Computerization has been done in business,
banking, electronic publishing, engineering, creative designing,
fashion designing, etc. It is used in railways, airlines, defence
service, research establishments. postal and communication departments,
meteorology, medical science, stock-broking etc. In defence, they help
radars, missile and rocket launching. They have opened new avenues of
shopping and entertainment.
Telecommunication and satellite imagery are computer
based. Computerization can play an important role in rural areas in
seed research, crop disease management and software development for
rural industries.
The computer also has its negative side. The rise of
cyber crime, the use of chat rooms for indecent discussion, certain
websites, which deal in pornographic material have been noticed. But
the advantages and importance outweigh the disadvantages. Through
computerization, the world has become a global village today.